O termo direito possui diversas traduções em inglês, entre as quais: law, right, entitlement, freedom. Entretanto, para designarmos as áreas do direito, a tradução, em regra, será law. Consequentemente, o termo que deverá merecer mais atenção será aquele que representa a referida área. Em alguns casos, o qualificador é uma palavra cognata, em outros, o cognato existe, porém nem sempre é usado, ou - em casos mais delicados - é completamente falso.

Abaixo apresentamos diversas áreas do direito com suas respectivas traduções e abonações para fins de contexto¹.

direito administrativo

• administrative law

§ The details of the availability, scope and grounds for such orders need not detain us here because they form part of substantive administrative law.

direito agrário

• agricultural law

§ In addition, the department has responsibility for Commercial Law [.] Agricultural Law, Criminal Law, and Evidence.

direito ambiental

• environmental law

§ The government is sponsoring a new environmental law and it is hoped to make smuggling animals a criminal, rather than a civil offence.

direito bancário

• banking law

§ The banking law perspective, although narrower in scope, is likely to reveal what lies ahead for the ocean bill of lading.

direito civil

• civil law

§ Broadly, civil law refers to the resolving of disputes between individuals, and the breaking of civil law results in less severe penalties, often the paying of compensation or damages.

direito comercial

• commercial law

§ British commercial law is amongst the most expensive in the world.

direito comercial internacional

• international trade law

§ In response to these concerns, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) undertook a revision of Hague-Visby.

direito concorrencial

• competition law

§ By contrast, competition law in the USA and the EC is ostensibly more focused on competition and economic efficiency.

direito constituicional

• constitutional law

§ Conventions, an important source of constitutional law can be extremely flexible, reflecting changes in the political situation as and when they occur.

direito contratual

• contract law

§ The latter are intended to offer a set of principles providing the best solutions to typical problems in contract law.

• law of contract

§ Judges consistently use the law of contract against trade unions.

direito criminal

• criminal law

§ English criminal law has two degrees of homicide, murder and manslaughter.

• penal law (muito menos usado)

§ To complicate matters further, substantial changes in criminal and penal law were made by the Criminal Justice Act, 1967.

direito da propriedade intelectual

• intellectual property law

§ You might also wish to pursue, or hope that someone else had pursued, the new Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law.

direito das gentes - ver direito internacional público

direito das obrigações

• law of obligations

§ Using these frames of reference, lawyers advocate particular legal doctrines and mould the fundamental principles of the law of obligations.

direito das sucessões

• law of probate and succession

§ The Law of Probate and Succession. This part of law deals with wills, probate and administration.²

¹Todos os exemplos, salvo quando indicado, foram retirados do British National Corpus disponível em https://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/

²Fonte: Kouladis, Nicholas. Principles of Law Relating to International Trade. Springer, 2006

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